Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mass-Standardised IgG Response to Fourteen SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein variants and Antibody Subclass analysis for IgG subclasses and IgE for a Long COVID Patient Cohort

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.26344863

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean-normalised concentration data for CC (blue) and LC (red). All variants are considered together for this analysis. Significant differences are present between the cohort medians for IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 using a Mann Whitney U test with Holm-Sidak correction (Data shown in ). (*) indicates significance p<0.05, (**) indicates significance p<0.005. Some outliers for the IgG1 control data lie outside of the plotted y-values and can be found in

Article Snippet: IgG1 spike reference materials from Sinobiological (40590-D001) were used to calibrate the surface density of spike protein for each variant, binding to the conserved S2 region.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, MANN-WHITNEY, Control

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mass-Standardised IgG Response to Fourteen SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein variants and Antibody Subclass analysis for IgG subclasses and IgE for a Long COVID Patient Cohort

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.26344863

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single patient results showing the variant specific response to each IgG subclass measured separately for IgG1-IgE but for all variants simultaneously: A) Control sample and B) Long Covid sample: IgG Subclass concentrations IgG1-4: coloured as pink (IgG1), blue (IgG2), yellow (IgG3), green (IgG4) and grey (IgE).

Article Snippet: IgG1 spike reference materials from Sinobiological (40590-D001) were used to calibrate the surface density of spike protein for each variant, binding to the conserved S2 region.

Techniques: Variant Assay, Control

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mass-Standardised IgG Response to Fourteen SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein variants and Antibody Subclass analysis for IgG subclasses and IgE for a Long COVID Patient Cohort

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.26344863

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibody IgG subclass and IgE concentration distributions presented by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variant: CC (blue) and LC (red) cohorts. (A) IgG1; (B) IgG2, (C) IgG3, (D) IgG4 and (E) IgE. The boxplots show the medians and interquartile range. The vertical lines on each box point to the extremes of the distributions. Significant results to the p< 0.05 (*) and p<0.005 (**) level determined by the Mann-Whitney U test with Holm-Sidak correction applied

Article Snippet: IgG1 spike reference materials from Sinobiological (40590-D001) were used to calibrate the surface density of spike protein for each variant, binding to the conserved S2 region.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Variant Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mass-Standardised IgG Response to Fourteen SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein variants and Antibody Subclass analysis for IgG subclasses and IgE for a Long COVID Patient Cohort

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.26344863

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between Total IgG and subclass measurements: A) Control Cohort, B) Long Covid Cohort. Marker shape denotes subclass: IgG1 (o), IgG2 (x), IgG3 (□), IgG4 (◊) and IgE (Δ). Regression lines are ordered vertically and IgG1 and IgG4 production dominates in long COVID patients compared with IgG1 and IgG2 in controls; A) controls IgG1-IgG2-IgG3-IgG4-IgE; and B) long COVID IgG1-IgG4-IgG2-IgE-IgG3.

Article Snippet: IgG1 spike reference materials from Sinobiological (40590-D001) were used to calibrate the surface density of spike protein for each variant, binding to the conserved S2 region.

Techniques: Control, Marker

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mass-Standardised IgG Response to Fourteen SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein variants and Antibody Subclass analysis for IgG subclasses and IgE for a Long COVID Patient Cohort

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.26344863

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: IgG1 spike reference materials from Sinobiological (40590-D001) were used to calibrate the surface density of spike protein for each variant, binding to the conserved S2 region.

Techniques: Transformation Assay

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Mass-Standardised IgG Response to Fourteen SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein variants and Antibody Subclass analysis for IgG subclasses and IgE for a Long COVID Patient Cohort

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.26344863

Figure Lengend Snippet: The variant profiles showing the long COVID classification triggers: (A) IgG1 below threshold, T; and (B) IgG3 (C) IgG4 (D) IgE above threshold, T, derived from the percentile (T) in the mean-normalised variant concentration distributions in the Control Cohort.

Article Snippet: IgG1 spike reference materials from Sinobiological (40590-D001) were used to calibrate the surface density of spike protein for each variant, binding to the conserved S2 region.

Techniques: Variant Assay, Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Gut microbiota dysbiosis impairs TGF-β/Smad4 signaling to drive postoperative metastasis in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1654227

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of liver EMT-related protein expression via immunohistochemistry in four groups. (A) Representative immunohistochemical staining of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, MMP-9, and VEGF in livers (Scale bar = 100 μm); (B) the histochemistry score (H-score) of N-cadherin; (C) the H-score of E-cadherin; (D) the H-score of MMP-9; (E) the H-score of VEGF. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 3 per group); The Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test was used for non-parametric data.

Article Snippet: The slides were repaired in sodium citrate buffer before being blocked with a 3% BSA solution for 30 min. After that, primary antibodies such as E-cadherin (1:400, Boster, China), N-cadherin (1:400, Boster, China), MMP9 (1:400, Boster, China), and VEGF (1:400, Boster, China) were added to the slides and incubated at 4 °C for the entire night.

Techniques: Comparison, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining